Magnesium intake decreases Type 2 diabetes risk through the improvement of insulin resistance and inflammation: the Hisayama Study

AimsEarly studies have shown that magnesium intake decreases the risk of Type2 diabetes, but the results are still inconsistent. We prospectively examined the association between magnesium intake and incidence of Type2 diabetes in a general Japanese population. MethodsA total of 1999 subjects without diabetes aged 40-79years who underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test were followed up prospectively for a mean of 15.6years. ResultsDuring the follow-up, 417 subjects developed Type2 diabetes. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence of Type2 diabetes significantly decreased with increasing magnesium intake quartile levels (148.5, 148.6-171.5, 171.6-195.5 and 195.6mg/day, P for trend=0.01). In multivariate analyses, after adjusting for comprehensive risk factors and other dietary factors, the hazard ratio of Type2 diabetes was 0.67 (95%CI 0.49-0.92; P=0.01) in the third quartile and 0.63 (95%CI 0.44-0.90; P=0.01) in the highest quartile compared with the first quartile. In addition, the risk of Type2 diabetes was 14% lower (P=0.04) for a 1-sd increment of log-transformed magnesium intake in the multivariate-adjusted model. In stratified analysis, there were statistically significant interactions between magnesium intake and levels of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein or alcohol intake on the risk of Type2 diabetes (all P<0.05). ConclusionsOur findings suggest that increased magnesium intake was a significant protective factor for the incidence of Type2 diabetes in the general Japanese population, especially among subjects with insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation and a drinking habit.