DFT study of Ag and La codoped BaTiO3

Density functional theory and generalized gradient approximation including a Hubbard-like term was used in the present work to analyse structure as well as electronic and electrical properties of Ag and La codoped BaTiO3 material. Intrinsic oxygen vacancy defect has been taken into consideration throughout the calculations. Results on atomic shifts indicate the significance of Coulomb electrostatic interaction in finding equilibrium state of the system. It is shown that the n-type electrical conductivity should be expected as a result of codoping. Computed concentrations of free-carriers manifest the advantage of codoping procedure compared to the single impurity doping in the BaTiO3 crystal. It is also shown that oxygen vacancy alone can produce the n-type conductivity.