Strategies for enhancing long-term carbon sequestration in mixed-species, naturally regenerated Northern temperate forests

We compared long-term C sequestration in the pools of aboveground portions of live trees, dead wood, and harvested wood products among highly contrasting forest management scenarios on a rotation (30-100 years) and 100-year basis. Average annual net change in C (AAC) and the cumulative sum of net changes in C were calculated using 65 years of data from permanent plots representing contrasting approaches to managing mixed-species stands dominated by shade-tolerant coniferous species on the Penobscot Experimental Forest in Maine, USA. Simulations of tree growth and mortality were used to estimate C pools to 100 years. On a rotation basis and for all pools combined, scenarios with selection cutting had greater AAC than those with shelterwood cutting followed by thinning or with diameter-limit cutting (p < 0.05). For combined pools, the cumulative sum of net changes in C for the unmanaged, selection, and guiding diameter-limit stands was positive for most of the study period. Our results suggest that strategies that maintain overstory stocking levels necessary to regenerate desired species and promote the development of sawlog-sized trees can enhance long-term C sequestration in mixed-species, naturally regenerated northern temperate forests.