Green spaces and cognitive development in primary schoolchildren

被引：580

作者：

Dadvand, Payam ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Esnaola, Mikel ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Forns, Joan ^{[1
,2
,3
,4
]}

Basagana, Xavier ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Rivas, Ioar ^{[1
,2
,3
,5
]}

Lopez-Vicente, Monica ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

De Castro Pascual, Montserrat ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Su, Jason ^{[6
]}

Jerrett, Michael ^{[7
]}

Querol, Xavier ^{[5
]}

Sunyer, Jordi ^{[1
,2
,3
,8
]}

机构：

[1] Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Spain

[2] Pompeu Fabra Univ, Expt & Hlth Sci, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain

[3] Ciber Epidemiol & Publ Hlth CIBERESP, Madrid 28029, Spain

[4] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Dept Genes & Environm, N-0473 Oslo, Norway

[5] CSIC, Spanish Natl Res Council, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Dept Geosci,IDEA, ES-08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

[6] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Environm Hlth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[7] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA

[8] Hosp Mar Med Res Inst IMIM, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain

来源：

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | 2015年 / 112卷 / 26期

基金：

欧洲研究理事会;

关键词：

neurodevelopment; greenness; cognition; built environment; school; WORKING-MEMORY; SURROUNDING GREENNESS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; AIR-POLLUTION; CHILDHOOD; ATTENTION; CHILDREN; SCHOOLS; HEALTH; NOISE;

D O I：

10.1073/pnas.1503402112

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Exposure to green space has been associated with better physical and mental health. Although this exposure could also influence cognitive development in children, available epidemiological evidence on such an impact is scarce. This study aimed to assess the association between exposure to green space and measures of cognitive development in primary schoolchildren. This study was based on 2,593 schoolchildren in the second to fourth grades (7-10 y) of 36 primary schools in Barcelona, Spain (2012-2013). Cognitive development was assessed as 12-mo change in developmental trajectory of working memory, superior working memory, and inattentiveness by using four repeated (every 3 mo) computerized cognitive tests for each outcome. We assessed exposure to green space by characterizing outdoor surrounding greenness at home and school and during commuting by using high-resolution (5 m x 5 m) satellite data on greenness (normalized difference vegetation index). Multilevel modeling was used to estimate the associations between green spaces and cognitive development. We observed an enhanced 12-mo progress in working memory and superior working memory and a greater 12-mo reduction in inattentiveness associated with greenness within and surrounding school boundaries and with total surrounding greenness index (including greenness surrounding home, commuting route, and school). Adding a traffic-related air pollutant (elemental carbon) to models explained 20-65% of our estimated associations between school greenness and 12-mo cognitive development. Our study showed a beneficial association between exposure to green space and cognitive development among schoolchildren that was partly mediated by reduction in exposure to air pollution.

引用

页码：7937 / 7942

页数：6

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