Impacts of large-scale Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources on electricity systems, and how these can be modeled

被引:251
作者
Brouwer, Anne Sjoerd [1 ,2 ]
van den Broek, Machteld [1 ]
Seebregts, Ad [2 ]
Faaij, Andre [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Utrecht, Copernicus Inst Sustainable Dev, NL-3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands
[2] Energy Res Ctr Netherlands ECN, Petten, Netherlands
关键词
Thermal power plants; Wind power; Power system modeling; Carbon capture and storage; Renewable energy; WIND POWER VARIATIONS; CAPACITY VALUE; GENERATION; OPERATION;
D O I
10.1016/j.rser.2014.01.076
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The electricity sector in OECD countries is on the brink of a large shift towards low-carbon electricity generation. Power systems after 2030 may consist largely of two low-carbon generator types: Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources (IRES) such as wind and solar PV and thermal generators such as power plants with carbon capture. Combining these two types could lead to conflicts, because IRES require more flexibility from the power system, whereas thermal generators may be relatively inflexible. In this study, we quantify the impacts of large-scale IRES on the power system and its thermal generators, and we discuss how to accurately model IRES impacts on a low-carbon power system. Wind integration studies show that the impacts of wind power on present-day power systems are sizable at penetration rates of around 20% of annual power generation: the combined reserve size increases by 8.6% (6.3-10.8%) of installed wind capacity, and wind power provides 16% (5-27%) of its capacity as firm capacity. Thermal generators are affected by a reduction in their efficiency of 4% (0-9%), and displacement of (mainly natural gas-fired) generators with the highest marginal costs. Of these impacts, only the increase in reserves incurs direct costs of 1-6(sic)/MWh(wind). These results are also indicative of the impacts of solar PV and wave power. A comprehensive power system model will be required to model the impacts of IRES in a low-carbon power system, which accounts for: a time step of <1 h, detailed IRES production patterns, flexibility constraints of thermal generators and interconnection capacity. Ideally, an efficient reserve sizing methodology and novel flexibility technologies (i.e., high capacity interconnectors and electricity storage and DSM) will also be included. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:443 / 466
页数:24
相关论文
共 87 条
[1]  
Ackermann T, 2005, WIND POWER IN POWER SYSTEMS, P1, DOI 10.1002/0470012684
[2]  
Andresen T, 2013, EUROPE GAS CARNAGE S
[3]  
[Anonymous], 2012, SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC P
[4]  
[Anonymous], AN WIND GEN IMP ERCO
[5]  
[Anonymous], 2009, Impact of Intermittency: How Wind Variability Could Change the Shape of the British and Irish Electricity Markets
[6]  
[Anonymous], ROADM 2050
[7]  
[Anonymous], OV SYST AD SUMM OUTL
[8]  
[Anonymous], WIND POWER ELECT MAR
[9]  
[Anonymous], 2012, World Energy Outlook 2012
[10]  
[Anonymous], 2012, Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 - Pathways to a Clean Energy System