The role of soluble growth factors in inducing transient growth and clonal extinction of stroma cell dependent erythroblastic leukemia cells

A coculture system of a murine erythroblastic leukemia cell line (ELM-D) with its supportive stromal cell line (MS-5) was established. Long-term growth of ELM-D cells is strictly stroma cell dependent. Interaction between stem cell factor (SCF) and its receptor, c-kit, was demonstrated to be important for stroma cell-dependent growth by anti c-kit neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) inhibition experiments. Significantly, soluble growth factors such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3) or SCF of MS-5 stromal cells (MS-5 CM) could replace the requirement of stroma cells for a considerable period. However, ELM-D cells maintained in these growth factors underwent clonal extinction after 3-6 weeks unless contact with stroma was re-established. Furthermore, IL-3 or GM-CSF acted in a dominant manner in inducing cell death in the presence of stroma cells. Cells showing clonal extinction undergo programmed cell death and do not differentiate. These altered growth properties of ELM-D cells exposed to soluble growth factors or to stroma cells appear to be analogous to those described for T or B cells primed by antigen presenting cells and then grown in growth factors.