Lactic Acid Fermentation, Urea and Lime Addition: Promising Faecal Sludge Sanitizing Methods for Emergency Sanitation

被引：29

作者：

Anderson, Catherine ^{[1
]}

Malambo, Dennis Hanjalika ^{[2
]}

Perez, Maria Eliette Gonzalez ^{[2
]}

Nobela, Happiness Ngwanamoseka ^{[2
]}

de Pooter, Lobke ^{[3
]}

Spit, Jan ^{[1
]}

Hooijmans, Christine Maria ^{[2
]}

van de Vossenberg, Jack ^{[2
]}

Greya, Wilson ^{[4
]}

Thole, Bernard ^{[4
]}

van Lier, Jules B. ^{[2
,3
]}

Brdjanovic, Damir ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] WASTE Advisers Urbane Environm & Dev, NL-2511 CW The Hague, Netherlands

[2] UNESCO IHE, NL-2611 AX Delft, Netherlands

[3] Delft Univ Technol TUDelft, NL-2628 CN Delft, Netherlands

[4] Univ Malawi Polytech, Blantyre 3, Malawi

来源：

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH | 2015年 / 12卷 / 11期

关键词：

ammonia; emergency sanitation; Escherichia coli; excreta; faecal sludge; lactic acid; lime; urea; BACTERIA; AMMONIA; DISINFECTION; PATHOGENS; INDICATOR; REDUCTION; SYSTEMS; MATTER; MANURE; WATER;

D O I：

10.3390/ijerph121113871

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

In this research, three faecal sludge sanitizing methodslactic acid fermentation, urea treatment and lime treatmentwere studied for application in emergency situations. These methods were investigated by undertaking small scale field trials with pit latrine sludge in Blantyre, Malawi. Hydrated lime was able to reduce the E. coli count in the sludge to below the detectable limit within 1 h applying a pH > 11 (using a dosage from 7% to 17% w/w, depending faecal sludge alkalinity), urea treatment required about 4 days using 2.5% wet weight urea addition, and lactic acid fermentation needed approximately 1 week after being dosed with 10% wet weight molasses (2 g (glucose/fructose)/kg) and 10% wet weight pre-culture (99.8% pasteurised whole milk and 0.02% fermented milk drink containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota). Based on Malawian prices, the cost of sanitizing 1 m(3) of faecal sludge was estimated to be Euro32 for lactic acid fermentation, Euro20 for urea treatment and Euro12 for hydrated lime treatment.

引用

页码：13871 / 13885

页数：15

共 30 条

[11]

Ligocka A, 2005, B VET I PULAWY, V49, P23

[12] Antimicrobial interactions of microbial species involved in the fermentation of cassava dough into agbelima with particular reference to the inhibitory effect of lactic acid bacteria on enteric pathogens [J].

Mante, ES ;

Sakyi-Dawson, E ;

Amoa-Awua, WK .

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY, 2003, 89 (01) :41-50

[13] The effect of liming on the microbiological quality of urban sludge [J].

Mignotte-Cadiergues, B ;

Maul, A ;

Huyard, A ;

Capizzi, S ;

Schwartzbrod, L .

WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2001, 43 (12) :195-200

[14]

Nordin A., 2010, THESIS

[15] Salmonella reduction in manure by the addition of urea and ammonia [J].

Ottoson, J. ;

Nordin, A. ;

von Rosen, D. ;

Vinneras, B. .

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, 2008, 99 (06) :1610-1615

[16]

Rand M.C., 2012, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, V22nd

[17] Long-term variations in abundance and distribution of sewage pollution indicator and human pathogenic bacteria along the central west coast of India [J].

Rodrigues, V. ;

Ramaiah, N. ;

Kakti, S. ;

Samant, D. .

ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS, 2011, 11 (02) :318-327

[18]

Soewondo P., 2014, TERRA PRETA SANITATI

[19]

Sphere Project T, 2011, HUM CHART MIN STAND

[20]

Strande L, 2014, FAECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT: SYSTEMS APPROACH FOR IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION, P1

← 1 2 3 →