Experiences and Management of Incidents That Influence Sleep in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease and Insomnia

Background Insomnia is a global problem and an important risk factor for patients living with cardiovascular disease (CVD), causing poor well-being and worsening disease prognosis. Yet, there is a lack of effective intervention strategies targeting sleep problems. To deliver patient-centered interventions and achieve good quality of sleep for this group, the own experiences of patients with CVD need to be understood. Objective The aim of this study was to describe experiences that influence the sleep situation and management of sleep problems among patients with CVD and insomnia. Method A qualitative descriptive design with critical incident technique methodology was used. Twenty patients (13 men and 7 women; mean age, 73 years; range, 47-83 years) with single or multiple verified CVD diagnoses and insomnia were included. Results Four underlying categories of sleep disruptors were identified: cognitive, social, physical, and behavioral. Participants experienced distress from the heart condition at night, physically and cognitively, with high levels of concern about its consequences for themselves and their families. Participants' sleep management preferences and responses included cognitive, behavioral, and pharmacological management strategies. Participants preferred their own nonpharmacological insomnia management over professional advice. Conclusion Patients with CVD and insomnia experienced both physical and cognitive distress from their heart condition and chose to adopt nonpharmacological insomnia management. Tailored professional support is needed to change precipitating behavioral factors to be able to treat insomnia, improve sleep, reduce symptom burden, and enhance quality of life.