High-latitude particle traps and related phenomena

Regions of weaker magnetic field surrounding the high-latitude off-equatorial field minima in the dayside outer Earth's magnetosphere may serve as efficient traps of energetic particles. These traps play an important role in the formation of proton and electron layers at the magnetopause and at the bow shock. Also they may be responsible for enhanced fluxes of protons with E(p) > 100 keV and electrons with E(e) similar to 100 keV in the dayside polar cusps. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.