Adenosine A1 receptor agonists block the neuropathological changes in rat retrosplenial cortex after administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine

Noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist dizocilpine ((+)-MK-801) is known to induce neurotoxicity in rat retrosplenial cortex after systemic administration. The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of adenosine A, receptor agonists on the neurotoxicity in rat retrosplenial cortex after administration of dizocilpine. Pretreatment with adenosine A, receptor agonists, 2-chloro-N-6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA) (0.1, 03, 1, or 3 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)), or N-6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) (1, 3, or 10 mg/kg, i.p;); attenuated neurotoxicity by dizocilpine (0.5 mg/kg, i.p), in a dose-dependent manner. Coadministration with adenosine A(1) receptor antagonist, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX; 3 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly blocked the protective effects of CCPA for dizocilpine-induced neurotoxicity. Furthermore, pretreatment with CCPA (3 mg/kg) attenuated significantly the dizocilpine-induced expression of HSP-70 protein, which is known as a sensitive marker of reversible neuronal damage, and coadministration with DPCPX (3 mg/kg) blocked the inhibitory effects of CCPA for marked expression of HSP-70 protein by administration of dizocilpine. Moreover, pretreatment with CCPA (3 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly suppressed the increase of extracellular acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the retrosplenial cortex by administration of dizocilpine (0.5 mg/kg). In contrast, local perfusion of CCPA (1 muM) into the retrosplenial cortex via the dialysis probe did not alter the ACh levels by administration of dizocilpine (0.5 mg/kg), suggesting that the locus of action of CCPA is not in the retrosplenial cortex. These findings suggest that adenosine A, receptors agonists could protect against neuropathological changes in rat retrosplenial cortex after administration of the NMIDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine.