PIPS inhibition of RGS protein and its reversal by Ca2+/calmodulin mediate voltage-dependent control of the G protein cycle in a cardiac K+ channel

Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) accelerate intrinsic GTP hydrolysis on alpha subunits of trimeric G proteins and play crucial roles in the physiological regulation of G protein-mediated cell signaling. The control mechanisms of the action of RGS proteins per se are poorly clarified, however. We recently showed a physiological mode of action of a RGS protein in cardiac myocytes. The voltage-dependent formation of Ca2+/calmodulin facilitated the GTPase activity of RGS by an unidentified mechanism, which underlay the "relaxation" behavior of G protein-gated K+ (KG) channels. Here we report the mechanism which is the reversal by Ca2+/calmodulin of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5,-trisphosphate (PIP3)-mediated inhibition of RGS. Purified RGS4 protein alone inhibited GTP-induced K-G channel activity in inside-out patches from atrial myocytes. The inhibitory effect of RGS4 was reduced by PIPS and restored by addition of Ca2+/calmodulin. The intracellular application of ant-PIP3 antibody abolished the RGS-dependent relaxation behavior of K-G current in atrial myocytes. This study, therefore, reveals a general physiological control mechanism of RGS proteins by lipid-protein interaction.