Search for a potent microbicidal spermicide from the isolates of Shorea robusta resin

Background: An alarming increase in global population is the root cause of poverty, malnutrition, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and many other social problems. Microbicidal spermicides possessing dual function of contraception and STI protection can effectively combat this problem, and their development is of utmost importance at present. Study Design: A major metabolite isolated from Shorea robusta resin was spectroscopically characterized as asiatic acid. Spermicidal efficacy of the isolate was evaluated in vitro by a modified Sander Cramer test. The mode of spermicidal action was assessed by (a) double fluoroprobe staining, (b) hypoosmotic swelling test and (c) scanning electron microscopy. Antimicrobial efficacy was assessed by disc diffusion and broth dilution methods using human isolates of bacteria (Escherichia colt ATCC 25938 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 71) and fungus (Candida tropicalis). Results: The minimum effective concentration of asiatic acid that induced instantaneous immobilization of rat spermatozoa in vitro was 125 mcg/mL. The mechanism of action involved disruption of sperm plasma membrane. The microbicidal efficacy was found to be moderate for vaginal pathogens, with no effect on normal vaginal flora. Conclusion: Asiatic acid possesses appreciable spermicidal and microbicidal potential and may be explored as an effective microbicidal spermicide. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.