MC-DMD: A data-driven method for blood vessel enhancement in retinal images using morphological closing and dynamic mode decomposition

Detection of blood vessels in retinal images is an important step in any computer-aided pathological system for the early screening and detection of eye-related ailments such as retinal detachment, diabetic retinopathy, and macular degeneration. Propriety of the vessel enhancement process, as a preprocessing step, has been well established in medical corpus, for enhanced accuracy of vessel segmentation. Algorithms for retinal image extraction are still not qualitatively sufficient to be appropriate for diagnostics. This paper presents an effective and robust approach for retinal vessel enhancement that overcome prevailing deficiencies, using Morphological Closing based Dynamic Mode Decomposition (MC-DMD). The proffered algorithm exploits the power of mathematical morphology for the generation of input channel to the Dynamic Mode Decompostion (DMD) system, decomposing the vessel and nonvessel features of retinal images. We confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed enhancement method on three publicly available retinal image datasets: DRIVE, STARE and HRF, across nine existing vessel enhancement methods in terms of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC). In addition, segmentation on final vessel map is performed and validated by enhanced performance in comparison with eight conventional vessel segmentation algorithms in terms of Sensitivity (SEN), Specificity (SP), Accuracy (ACC).(c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).