[1] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Med Scientist Training Program, Portland, OR 97201 USA
[2] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Dept Med, Portland, OR 97201 USA
[3] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Surg, Div Trauma Crit Care & Acute Care Surg, Portland, OR 97201 USA
[4] Vet Affairs Portland Hlth Care Syst, Sect Surg Crit Care, Operat Care Div, Portland, OR USA
[5] Providence Milwaukie Hosp, Dept Family Med, Milwaukie, OR USA
[6] Univ Toronto, Univ Hlth Network, Toronto Gen Hosp, Dept Surg, Toronto, ON, Canada
[7] Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Div Cardiovasc Med, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
[8] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia & Perioperat Care, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
[9] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Surg, San Francisco, CA USA