Bio-inspired one-dimensional based textile fabric coating for integrating high flame retardancy, antibacterial, toxic gases suppression, antiviral and reinforcement properties

Herein, a green synthesis approach has been used for development of innovative, renewable, efficient and cost-effective flame retardant, antivirus, reinforced and antibacterial coatings for textile fabrics. Hence, rennet casein as biopolymer was facilely prepared from renewable caw milk source and its solution was prepared and then, abundant halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were uniformly dispersed with aid of ultrasonication producing new one-dimensional nanocomposite. Afterwards, the developed coatings were coated on different textile fabrics. The mass loadings of HNTs dispersed in casein solution were varied. The flammability, toxic gases suppression, reinforcement, antibacterial, and antiviral properties of the coated textile fabrics were significantly enhanced. The flame retardancy of treated textile fabrics achieved zero rate of burning (horizontal test) compared to 119 mm/min for blank cotton textile recording high-class flame-retardant textile. Additionally, the flame retardancy was corroborated from high LOI value of 35% compared to 18.5% for blank sample. Interestingly, the coated textile fabrics recorded significant inhibition of bacterial growth recording 17.6 mm of clear inhibition zone compared to zero for virgin and casein coated samples. Interestingly, the as developed coating affords more than 90% antiviral inhibition for adenovirus and herpesvirus. This is in addition to significant reinforcement of more than two-fold increase in tensile strength achieving excellent reinforcement. Interestingly, the developed coated textile fabrics achieved outstanding toxic gases suppression after combustion recording reduction in emission in CO, CO2, SO2, NOx and NO, by 97,70,85,75,75% respectively. Flame retardancy and toxic gases suppression mechanism was discussed and elucidated.