Non-invasive stereotactic body radiation therapy for refractory ventricular arrhythmias: an institutional experience

Background Initial studies have reported excellent safety and efficacy for stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in patients with refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT). Methods This is a single-center retrospective analysis of eight consecutive patients who underwent SBRT for refractory, scar-related VT. The anatomic target for radioablation was defined based on surface 12-lead ECG VT morphology, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and electroanatomic mapping data when available. The target volume treated and the prescribed radiation dose (15-25 Gy) was based on the combined clinical assessment of the cardiac electrophysiologist and radiation oncologist. Ventricular arrhythmias, radiation-related outcomes, and adverse events were monitored at follow-up. Results Eight patients underwent nine SBRT sessions. All patients were male with an average age of 75 +/- 7.3 years and mean ejection fraction of 21 +/- 7%. SBRT was performed with delivery of an average of 22.2 +/- 3.6 Gy in a single session with a procedure time of 18.2 +/- 6.0 min. All but one session was performed on an inpatient basis. No acute complications occurred. During a median follow-up of 7.8 months (IQR 4.8, 9.9), ICD therapies decreased from median 69.5 (43.5, 115.8) pre-SBRT to 13.3 (IQR 7.7, 35.8) post-SBRT (p = 0.036). There were three patient deaths in the follow-up period, unrelated to SBRT. Apparent clinical benefit occurred 33% of the time after SBRT. Conclusions The patients experienced overall reduction in VT burden following SBRT, though not with the immediate effect seen in other patient series. Further studies (basic, translational, and clinical) are essential to determine the benefit of SBRT and if so, the optimal protocols and patient selection.