A comprehensive study of renewable energy sources: Classifications, challenges and suggestions

被引：322
作者：
Ang, Tze-Zhang [1 ]
Salem, Mohamed [1 ]
Kamarol, Mohamad [1 ]
Das, Himadry Shekhar [2 ]
Nazari, Mohammad Alhuyi [3 ]
Prabaharan, Natarajan [4 ]
机构：
[1] Univ Sains Malaysia USM, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia
[2] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401 USA
[3] Univ Tehran, Fac New Sci & Technol, Tehran, Iran
[4] SASTRA Deemed Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Thanjavur, India
来源：
ENERGY STRATEGY REVIEWS | 2022年 / 43卷
关键词：
Renewable energy (RE); Energy resources; Energy technologies; Hybrid renewable energy system; Review; MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR; HEAT-TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS; SEASONAL PUMPED-STORAGE; SMALL WIND TURBINES; FUEL-CELL; POWER-GENERATION; CONVERSION SYSTEMS; SOLAR-ENERGY; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS;
D O I：
10.1016/j.esr.2022.100939
中图分类号：
TE [石油、天然气工业]; TK [能源与动力工程];
学科分类号：
0807 ; 0820 ;
摘要：
Renewable energy (RE) is the key element of sustainable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective electricity generation. An official report by International Energy Agency (IEA) states that the demand on fossil fuel usage to generate electricity has started to decrease since year 2019, along with the rise of RE usage to supply global energy demands. Researches on RE technologies are continuously growing in order to enhance the performance of RE generation, especially in term of energy conversion efficiency. The aim of this review paper is to understand and study further the current RE technologies such as solar energy, hydro energy, wind energy, bioenergy, geothermal energy, and hydrogen energy. Several hybrid RE technologies have been also studied and compared, to improve the overall performance of RE in generating electricity. Lastly, suggestions are provided for the purpose to solve and overcome the challenges and limitations of RE technologies in terms of economy, technical, and energy conversion efficiency.
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页数：27
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