Input usage and cost analysis in paddy production: a case study of Canakkale City-Turkey

Rice is an important product in human nutrition. The global rice production amount for the period of 2016/17 reached 483 million tons, and 74% of this amount was provided by China, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, and Vietnam. Between the years 2002 and 2016, Turkey's paddy production area increased at a level of 93,46%, production amount increased 155,56%, and productivity increased by 32,17%. Turkey's annual rice consumption amount is around 750.000 tons; 550.000 tons of the demand is met by internal production, while the rest of the demand is met by importation. Due to the gap in demand and supply amounts, Turkey is one of the 3 countries that have the highest increase in rice importation amount over the last decade along with China and Indonesia. According to FAO data for 2017, the global paddy production area size was 167,2 million ha, and the global production amount was 770 million tons. Turkey's proportion of that production area was 0,07%, was 0,12% in production amount, and Turkey's self-sufficiency rate for rice was 70%. According to TSI data for 2018, Turkey's paddy production area size was 120.142 ha, and its production amount was 940.000 tons. The research area of Canakkale, takes up 6,95% of Turkey's paddy production area, and is the 4th city in terms of production amount with a proportion of 6,71%. Canakkale's productivity average in paddy is 7,553 ton/ha which is below Turkey's average (7,824 ton/ha). Within the study, the economic aspect of paddy production in Canakkale City was examined using the data of 74 enterprises which were chosen by the Stratified Sampling Method. According to the research results; paddy production takes first place in the cropping pattern with a proportion of 44%, paddy production area size average per enterprise was calculated as 14,14 ha, and productivity per enterprise was calculated as 7,852 ton/ha. According to the research results, paddy production costs were 2.906,17 USD/ha, gross profit was 2.072,47 USD/ha, and net profit was found as 1.254,85 USD/ha. It was also found that some subsidies such as diesel fuel, fertilizer, certified seed usage subsides, and deficiency payments; increase gross output value at a level of 5,69%, increase gross profit value at a level of 11,43%, and decrease costs at a level of 8,15%. In order to produce 7,852 ton/ha of paddy; 217,9 kg of seeds, 371,5 kg of pure fertilizer, 10,7 lt of agricultural pesticide, and 262,6 lt of disesel fuel were needed per hectare. Also required were 2.186 KW of electricity for irrigation, and 120 hours of manpower and machine power per hectare.