RETRACTED: Recent Research Trends of Fibrin Gels for the Applications of Regenerative Medicine (Retracted Article)

Fibrin gel has been extensively used and tested the biomaterials for wide ranges during the last 3 similar to 4 decades. It is prepared from fibrinogen and thrombin resulting in three dimensional molecular network. Fibrin network has an active cell bind sites as RGD and AGDV This bioactivity can be modulated fibrin as an attractive matrix for stern cell differentiation and tissue engineering. Fibrin has many advantages Such as the abundance of fibrinogen, their relatively ease of its purifications, the ability to control gelation time by altering thrombin concentrations and the wide range of the mechanical properties. In the review, (1) molecular structures of fibrinogen and its polymerization, (2) rheological aspects, (3) nonlinear elasticity, (4) relationship between filament flexibility and elastic modulus, (5) recent advances of clinical and regenerative medicine and (6) fibrin/PLGA hybrid construct for cartilage and disc regeneration have been introduced.