Learning Algebra by Example in Real-World Classrooms

Math and science textbook chapters invariably supply students with sets of problems to solve, but this widely used approach is not optimal for learning; instead, more effective learning can be achieved when many problems to solve are replaced with correct and incorrect worked examples for students to study and explain. In the present study, the worked example approach is implemented and rigorously tested in the natural context of a functioning course. In Experiment 1, a randomized controlled study in ethnically diverse Algebra classrooms demonstrates that embedded worked examples can improve student achievement. In Experiment 2, a larger randomized controlled study demonstrated that improvement in posttest scores as a result of the assignments varies based on students' prior knowledge; students with low prior knowledge tend to improve more than higher knowledge peers.