Urban net-zero water treatment and mineralization: Experiments, modeling and design

被引:33
作者
Englehardt, James D. [1 ]
Wu, Tingting [1 ]
Tchobanoglous, George [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
Distributed; Direct potable reuse; Iron-mediated aeration; Ambient; Mineralize; Net-zero water; ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES; IRON-MEDIATED AERATION; INTEGRATED MODEL; CHEMICALS; OZONE;
D O I
10.1016/j.watres.2013.05.026
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Water and wastewater treatment and conveyance account for approximately 4% of US electric consumption, with 80% used for conveyance. Net zero water (NZW) buildings would alleviate demands for a portion of this energy, for water, and for the treatment of drinking water for pesticides and toxic chemical releases in source water. However, domestic wastewater contains nitrogen loads much greater than urban/suburban ecosystems can typically absorb. The purpose of this work was to identify a first design of a denitrifying urban NZW treatment process, operating at ambient temperature and pressure and circum-neutral pH, and providing mineralization of pharmaceuticals (not easily regulated in terms of environmental half-life), based on laboratory tests and mass balance and kinetic modeling. The proposed treatment process is comprised of membrane bioreactor, iron-mediated aeration (IMA, reported previously), vacuum ultrafiltration, and peroxone advanced oxidation, with minor rainwater make-up and H2O2 disinfection residual. Similar to biological systems, minerals accumulate subject to precipitative removal by IMA, salt-free treatment, and minor dilution. Based on laboratory and modeling results, the system can produce potable water with moderate mineral content from commingled domestic wastewater and 10-20% rainwater make-up, under ambient conditions at individual buildings, while denitrifying and reducing chemical oxygen demand to below detection (<3 mg/L). While economics appear competitive, further development and study of steady-state concentrations and sludge management options are needed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:4680 / 4691
页数:12
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