Interstitial pulsed-dose-rate brachytherapy for the treatment of squamous cell anal carcinoma: A retrospective single institution analysis

OBJECTIVE: To examine the outcome of patients receiving interstitial pulsed-dose-rate brachytherapy (PDR-BT) after pelvic radiation therapy for treatment of an anal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-one patients were identified: 13, six, and two with stages I, II, and III tumors, respectively. After receiving received pelvic irradiation +/- concurrent chemotherapy, patients were delivered a PDR-BT boost to the residual tumor, with intention to deliver a minimal total dose of 60 Gy. The greatest dimension of residual tumor at the time of brachytherapy procedure was 12.5 mm (range: 0-20 mm). Brachytherapy implantation was performed according to the Paris system, only one plane implant being used. RESULTS: Median dose delivered through BT was 20 Gy (range: 10-30 Gy). Median number of pulses was 48 (range: 20-80 pulses). Median treated volume was 9 cm3 (range: 5-16 cm(3)). Median dose per pulse was 40 cGy (range: 37.5-50 cGy). No Grade 3 or more acute toxicity was reported. No Grade 3 or more delayed toxicity was seen among 18 patients with more than 6 months follow-up. Median follow-up was 47 months (range: 6-73 months). Twenty patients (95%) were alive at last follow-up. Tumor relapses were experienced in four patients (19%), including local relapse in three patients (14%). CONCLUSION: With almost 4 years median followup, this study confirms previous data suggesting that PDR-BT is effective and safe in this indication. Local control rate and toxicity were in the range of what was seen with continuous low-dose-rate BT. (C) 2015 American Brachytherapy Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.