Water use for electricity in the United States: an analysis of reported and calculated water use information for 2008

被引：135

作者：

Averyt, K. ^{[1
]}

Macknick, J. ^{[2
]}

Rogers, J. ^{[3
]}

Madden, N. ^{[3
]}

Fisher, J. ^{[4
]}

Meldrum, J. ^{[1
]}

Newmark, R. ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA

[2] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Strateg Energy Anal Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA

[3] Union Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

[4] Synapse Energy Econ, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

来源：

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS | 2013年 / 8卷 / 01期

关键词：

energy water nexus; electricity; freshwater demands;

D O I：

10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015001

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

Water use by the electricity sector represents a significant portion of the United States water budget (41% of total freshwater withdrawals; 3% consumed). Sustainable management of water resources necessitates an accurate accounting of all water demands, including water use for generation of electricity. Since 1985, the Department of Energy (DOE) Energy Information Administration (EIA) has collected self-reported data on water consumption and withdrawals from individual power generators. These data represent the only annual collection of water consumption and withdrawals by the electricity sector. Here, we compile publically available information into a comprehensive database and then calculate water withdrawals and consumptive use for power plants in the US. In effect, we evaluate the quality of water use data reported by EIA for the year 2008. Significant differences between reported and calculated water data are evident, yet no consistent reason for the discrepancies emerges.

引用

页数：9

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