Rhusonoside A, a New Megastigmane Glycosoide from Rhus sylvestris, Increases the Function of Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells

Chemical investigation of the stems and leaves of Rhus sylvestris afforded a new megastigmane glycoside named rhusonoside A (1), along with four other known compounds: dihydroquercetin (2), astragalin (3), hyperin (4), and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (5). Their Structures were determined by a combination of spectroscopic analysis and application of the modified Mosher's method. The effect of compounds 1-5 on the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells was examined by determining cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen synthesis, and mineralization. Rhusonoside A (1) significantly increased the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Cell viability, ALP activity, and collagen synthesis were increased dose dependently, up to 155.39%, 171.27%, and 134.25%, respectively, of the basal value at 10 mu M (P < 0.05). In addition, 0.1 mu M of compound 1 significantly increased mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells to 142.78% (P < 0.05) of the basal value.