Fetal Face: The Whole Picture

被引：11
作者：
Andresen, C. [1 ,2 ]
Matias, A. [1 ]
Merz, E. [3 ]
机构：
[1] Hosp Sao Joao, Fac Med Porto, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, P-4200319 Oporto, Portugal
[2] Univ Porto, Fac Med, Dept Anat, Oporto, Portugal
[3] Krankenhaus NW, Rotenburg, Germany
来源：
ULTRASCHALL IN DER MEDIZIN | 2012年 / 33卷 / 05期
关键词：
ultrasound; 2; D; 3; D/4; fetal face; prenatal diagnosis; bonding; 3-DIMENSIONAL SONOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT; REVERSE-FACE; NASAL BONE; CLEFT-LIP; TRISOMY-21; FETUSES; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; ULTRASOUND; PALATE; ABNORMALITIES; MALFORMATIONS;
D O I：
10.1055/s-0031-1299482
中图分类号：
O42 [声学];
学科分类号：
070206 ; 082403 ;
摘要：
The fetal face is an essential source of information. Its evaluation makes it possible to diagnose several fetal diseases and syndromes. Three-dimensional ultrasound and four-dimensional ultrasound facilitate the evaluation of superficial anatomical facial structures and have become essential complementary tools to two-dimensional ultrasound, providing additional and more precise information about the presence and severity of facial defects. This article reviews the normal facial development essential to understand the pathogenesis of facial malformations as well as the assessment of a normal and dysmorphic face with two-dimensional, three-dimensional and four-dimensional ultrasound and discusses the clinical implications of detecting facial anomalies in the prenatal period.
引用
收藏
页码：431 / 440
页数：10
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