An integrated methodology for determining the unique combination of complex permittivity based on measured transmission coefficient and time difference of arrival (TDOA) information in free-space measurements is proposed. The methodology consists of an estimation procedure of the real part of complex permittivity based on TDOA, and a root-searching procedure based on parametric system identification (SI) together with an error sum of squares (SSE) criterion. Generally, non-unique combinations of dielectric constant and loss factor are encountered when lossy or low-loss materials are measured and the proposed methodology is aimed at the determination of unique combinations of dielectric constant and loss factor for such materials. The proposed methodology is validated by measurements of several materials with known dielectric properties. The estimated complex permittivity values for Teflon, Lexan, Bakelite, and concrete are in good agreement with those reported in the literature. The method has potential for in-situ measurement of dielectric properties for construction materials. Applicability and limitations of the methodology are discussed. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
