Characterization of children younger than 5 Years of age with severe community-acquired alveolar pneumonia (CAAP) requiring Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) admission

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine factors characterizing children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) with community-acquired alveolar pneumonia (CAAP) to help clinicians assess disease severity upon initial assessment in the emergency department. Methods: We prospectively collected demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of children <5 years with radiologically confirmed CAAP referred to the Soroka University Medical Center during 2001-2011. Three groups of children were compared: 1) those hospitalized in the PICU (PICU-CAAP); 2) those treated in the emergency department and discharged (ED-CAAP); and 3) those hospitalized in a pediatric ward (Hosp-CAAP). Results: Of 9722 CAAP episodes, 367 (3.8%) were PICU-CAAP, 5552 (57.1%) Hosp-CAAP and 3803 (39.1%) ED-CAAP. In a univariate analysis, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was detected more commonly among PICU-CAAP than in Hosp-CAAP (P Z 0.02) and ED-CAAP patients (P < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, several factors were associated with PICU hospitalization versus EDCAAP and Hosp- CAAP: Younger age (ORs: 1.04, [95% CI: 1.02-1.05] and 0.97 [0.96-0.98], respectively); prematurity (ORs: 2.16 [1.28-3.64] and 1.61 [1.15-2.26], respectively), lower O-2 saturation (ORs: 1.32 [1.25-1.41] and 0.94[0.92e0.96]), higher respiratory rate ( ORs: 1.06 [1.04-1.07] and 1.00 [1-1.01], respectively). Conclusion: Children admitted to PICU were younger, had more respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) detection, were premature, had lower O-2 saturation, and had a higher respiratory rate than those admitted to the general ward or those visiting the emergency department and subsequently discharged. Copyright (C) 2020, Taiwan Pediatric Association. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. This is an open access article under the CC BY- NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/4.0/).