Lesser Metatarsophalangeal Joint Instability: Treatment with Tendon Transfers

Complex digital deformities and metatarsophalangeal joint instability encompass a wide range of pathology, and one must identify the different degrees of ligamentous disruption. It is important to address a combination of procedures to treat gross deformities of the lesser toes. Surgical treatment should be individualized and requires a sequential process for adequate reduction and deformity correction. There is no gold standard procedure for every deformity. Although residual stiffness can result from tendon transfer, overall patient satisfaction levels remain high when it is performed under the proper indications and concomitantly with other procedures to gain full correction of these challenging deformities.