Optimal resource utilization and ecological restoration of aquatic zones in the coal mining subsidence areas of the Huaibei Plain in Anhui Province, China

Extensive land subsidence and submergence occurs in the coal mining areas of the Huaibei Plain in Anhui Province, China due to their unique geological features. It has significantly changed local landscapes and the implications for water conservation. The quantities and qualities of these subsidence waters were characterized, and recommendations for their ecological restoration were discussed. Quantitatively, numerous water storage spaces have been created. The water qualities show different patterns and degrees of pollution. The waters with less human disturbance show relatively lower nutrient concentrations. Different ecological restoration practices have been performed to suit local conditions. According to the water bodies, scales, locations, and hydrology, they are generally regulated as fishponds, wetland parks, and large plain reservoirs or ecological lakes. Continuous evaluation of landscape change and ecological functions within these waters will be necessary in future research.