Brain-gut-microbiome interactions in obesity and food addiction

被引:161
|
作者
Gupta, Arpana [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Osadchiy, Vadim [1 ,2 ]
Mayer, Emeran A. [1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ingest Behav & Obes Program, G Oppenheimer Family Ctr Neurobiol Stress & Resil, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
[2] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
[3] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Vatche & Tamar Manoukian Div Digest Dis, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
[4] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ahmanson Lovelace Brain Mapping Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
关键词
Y GASTRIC BYPASS; COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY; HIGH-FAT-DIET; ACUTE-TRYPTOPHAN-DEPLETION; GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1; EARLY-LIFE ADVERSITY; INDUCED WEIGHT-LOSS; BARIATRIC SURGERY; SLEEVE GASTRECTOMY; INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA;
D O I
10.1038/s41575-020-0341-5
中图分类号
R57 [消化系及腹部疾病];
学科分类号
摘要
Normal eating behaviour is coordinated by the tightly regulated balance between intestinal and extra-intestinal homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms. By contrast, food addiction is a complex, maladaptive eating behaviour that reflects alterations in brain-gut-microbiome (BGM) interactions and a shift of this balance towards hedonic mechanisms. Each component of the BGM axis has been implicated in the development of food addiction, with both brain to gut and gut to brain signalling playing a role. Early-life influences can prime the infant gut microbiome and brain for food addiction, which might be further reinforced by increased antibiotic usage and dietary patterns throughout adulthood. The ubiquitous availability and marketing of inexpensive, highly palatable and calorie-dense food can further shift this balance towards hedonic eating through both central (disruptions in dopaminergic signalling) and intestinal (vagal afferent function, metabolic endotoxaemia, systemic immune activation, changes to gut microbiome and metabolome) mechanisms. In this Review, we propose a systems biology model of BGM interactions, which incorporates published reports on food addiction, and provides novel insights into treatment targets aimed at each level of the BGM axis. Food addiction is an eating behaviour that reflects alterations in brain-gut-microbiome (BGM) interactions and a shift towards hedonic mechanisms. This Review summarizes the physiology of food addiction in obesity as it relates to BGM interactions and provides insights into treatment targets for food addiction aimed at each level of the BGM axis.
引用
收藏
页码:655 / 672
页数:18
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