The X-linked immunodeficiency defect in the mouse is corrected by expression of human Bruton's tyrosine kinase from a yeast artificial chromosome transgene

Mutations in the gene for Bruton's tyrosine kinase result in the B cell differentiation defects X-linked agammaglobulinemia in man and X-linked immunodeficiency in mice. Here we describ the generation of two yeast artificial chromosome (YAC)-transgenic mouse strains in which high-level expression of human Btk is provided by endogenous regulatory cis-acting elements that are present on a 340-kb transgene, Yc340-hBtk. The expression pattern of the transgenic human Btk was found to parallel that of the endogenous murine gene, When the Yc340-hBtk-transgenic mice were mated onto a Btk-deficient background, the xid B cell defects were fully corrected: conventional and CD5(+) B-1 B cells were present in normal numbers, serum TFM and IgG3 levels as well as responses to T cell-independent type II antigens were in the normal ranges. In vivo competition experiments in Btk(+/-) female mice demonstrated that in the conventional B cell population the Yc340-hBtk transgene could fully compensate the absence of expression of endogenous murine Btk, We conclude that in the YAC-transgenic mice Btk is appropriately expressed in the contest of native regulatory sequences.