Multiatom Catalysts for Energy-Related Electrocatalysis

Multiatom catalysts (MACs) with isolated monodisperse active sites comprising two to tens of metal atoms have attracted intensive research attention and industrial interest. With the combination of high atom utilization and well-defined molecule-like electronic structure, MACs show great potential for applications in a wide range of electrochemical catalytic reactions. This review aims to discuss the recent progress of MACs in energy-related electrocatalysis. Critical issues, including the synthesis and characterization of the MACs, will be showcased. Moreover, recent advances are highlighted in the design and synthesis of MACs with a well-controlled structure and composition to achieve enhanced catalytic performance in energy-related electrocatalysis. Current challenges and future prospects for MACs are also presented to shed light on the rational design of MACs as potential industrialized catalysts in the future.