Towards a Secure Thermal-Energy Aware Routing Protocol in Wireless Body Area Network Based on Blockchain Technology

被引:64
作者
Shahbazi, Zeinab [1 ]
Byun, Yung-Cheol [1 ]
机构
[1] Jeju Natl Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Jejusi 63243, Jeju Special Se, South Korea
关键词
internet of things; blockchain; implanted sensors; smart contract; thermal; energy-aware routing protocol; SENSOR NETWORKS; ALGORITHM;
D O I
10.3390/s20123604
中图分类号
O65 [分析化学];
学科分类号
070302 ; 081704 ;
摘要
The emergence of biomedical sensor devices, wireless communication, and innovation in other technologies for healthcare applications result in the evolution of a new area of research that is termed as Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). WBAN originates from Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which are used for implementing many healthcare systems integrated with networks and wireless devices to ensure remote healthcare monitoring. WBAN is a network of wearable devices implanted in or on the human body. The main aim of WBAN is to collect the human vital signs/physiological data (like ECG, body temperature, EMG, glucose level, etc.) round-the-clock from patients that demand secure, optimal and efficient routing techniques. The efficient, secure, and reliable designing of routing protocol is a difficult task in WBAN due to its diverse characteristic and restraints, such as energy consumption and temperature-rise of implanted sensors. The two significant constraints, overheating of nodes and energy efficiency must be taken into account while designing a reliable blockchain-enabled WBAN routing protocol. The purpose of this study is to achieve stability and efficiency in the routing of WBAN through managing temperature and energy limitations. Moreover, the blockchain provides security, transparency, and lightweight solution for the interoperability of physiological data with other medical personnel in the healthcare ecosystem. In this research work, the blockchain-based Adaptive Thermal-/Energy-Aware Routing (ATEAR) protocol for WBAN is proposed. Temperature rise, energy consumption, and throughput are the evaluation metrics considered to analyze the performance of ATEAR for data transmission. In contrast, transaction throughput, latency, and resource utilization are used to investigate the outcome of the blockchain system. Hyperledger Caliper, a benchmarking tool, is used to evaluate the performance of the blockchain system in terms of CPU utilization, memory, and memory utilization. The results show that by preserving residual energy and avoiding overheated nodes as forwarders, high throughput is achieved with the ultimate increase of the network lifetime. Castalia, a simulation tool, is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed protocol, and its comparison is made with Multipath Ring Routing Protocol (MRRP), thermal-aware routing algorithm (TARA), and Shortest-Hop (SHR). Evaluation results illustrate that the proposed protocol performs significantly better in balancing of temperature (to avoid damaging heat effect on the body tissues) and energy consumption (to prevent the replacement of battery and to increase the embedded sensor node life) with efficient data transmission achieving a high throughput value.
引用
收藏
页码:1 / 26
页数:26
相关论文
共 60 条
[1]   A cross-layer QoS-aware optimization protocol for guaranteed data streaming over wireless body area networks [J].
Ababneh, Nedal ;
Timmons, Nicholas ;
Morrison, Jim .
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, 2015, 58 (02) :179-191
[2]  
Ahmad A., 2014, INT J DISTRIB SENS N, V10
[3]  
[Anonymous], 2015, TELKOMNIKA (Telecommun Comput Electron Control)
[4]  
[Anonymous], THESIS
[5]  
[Anonymous], 2016, TRENDS APPL SCI RES, DOI DOI 10.3923/tasr.2016.12.18
[6]  
[Anonymous], 2019, ELECTRONICS SWITZ, DOI DOI 10.3390/electronics8010047
[7]   An Efficient Next Hop Selection Algorithm for Multi-Hop Body Area Networks [J].
Ayatollahitafti, Vahid ;
Ngadi, Md Asri ;
Sharif, Johan bin Mohamad ;
Abdullahi, Mohammed .
PLOS ONE, 2016, 11 (01)
[8]   Hotspot Preventing Routing algorithm for delay-sensitive applications of in vivo biomedical sensor networks [J].
Bag, Anirban ;
Bassiouni, Mostafa A. .
INFORMATION FUSION, 2008, 9 (03) :389-398
[9]  
Bag A, 2008, 2008 IEEE SENSORS APPLICATIONS SYMPOSIUM, P68
[10]  
Bag A, 2006, 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MOBILE ADHOC AND SENSOR SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2, P564