A urotensin II receptor antagonist, KR36676, decreases vascular remodeling and inflammation in experimental pulmonary hypertension

The pathophysiological implications of binding of urotensin II (U-II) to urotensin II receptor (UT) in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have been proposed recently. Besides high expression of U-II in experimental models and patients with PAH, U-II has been shown to increase proliferation of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells and inflammatory responses, which were critical for PAH pathophysiology. However, the direct role of the urotensinergic system in the pathogenesis of PAH is yet to be understood. The aim of the present study was to determine whether a novel UT antagonist, KR36676, attenuates the pathophysiological progression of PAH in an animal model of PAH. PAH was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline (MCP, 60 mg/kg) in rats. All the animals received KR36676 (30 mg/kg/day) or vehicle by oral gavage. Three weeks after MCP-injection, changes in hemodynamic parameters, extent of right ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis and pulmonary vascular remodeling, and degree of protein expression were determined. Oral administration of KR36676 effectively decreased the MCP-induced increase in right ventricular systolic pressure, hypert/ophy and fibrosis. Furthermore, wall thickness of pulmonary arterioles, proliferation of pulmonary vascular cells, and inflammatory response significantly decreased in the KR36676-treated group following MCP injection compared to that in the MCP-treated vehicle group. These preventive effects of KR36676 are mediated, at least in part, by suppression of ERK1/2 and NF-kappa B signaling pathways. The novel UT antagonist, KR36676, effectively prevented MCP-induced PAH progression and pulmonary vascular remodeling in rat model. Our findings support the therapeutic efficacy of UT antagonist in PAH prevention and elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms of action. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.