Neuronal biosensors using liposomal delivery of local anesthetics

The use of liposomal drug incorporation significantly improves the sensitivity of neuronal sensors to poorly soluble drugs and extends the applicability of such sensors to previously undetectable compounds. Data presented support physiological models for liposome-neuron interactions and are consistent with the channel-blocking actions of local anesthetics. We have incorporated the anesthetics benzocaine, bupivacaine, and tetracaine into liposomes, generating dose-response curves. Liposomes are shown to extend the range of the biosensor and improve its sensitivity.