Timing and climate forcing of volcanic eruptions for the past 2,500 years

被引:822
作者
Sigl, M. [1 ]
Winstrup, M. [2 ]
McConnell, J. R. [1 ]
Welten, K. C. [3 ]
Plunkett, G. [4 ]
Ludlow, F. [5 ,6 ]
Buentgen, U. [7 ,8 ,9 ]
Caffee, M. [10 ,11 ]
Chellman, N. [1 ]
Dahl-Jensen, D. [12 ]
Fischer, H. [8 ,13 ]
Kipfstuhl, S. [14 ]
Kostick, C. [15 ]
Maselli, O. J. [1 ]
Mekhaldi, F. [16 ]
Mulvaney, R. [17 ]
Muscheler, R. [16 ]
Pasteris, D. R. [1 ]
Pilcher, J. R. [4 ]
Salzer, M. [18 ]
Schuepbach, S. [13 ]
Steffensen, J. P. [12 ]
Vinther, B. M. [12 ]
Woodruff, T. E. [10 ]
机构
[1] Nevada Syst Higher Educ, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA
[2] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[3] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[4] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Geog Archaeol & Palaeoecol, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland
[5] Yale Univ, Yale Climate & Energy Inst, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
[6] Yale Univ, Dept Hist, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
[7] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
[8] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
[9] Global Change Res Ctr AS CR, Brno 60300, Czech Republic
[10] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
[11] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
[12] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Ctr Ice & Climate, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
[13] Univ Bern, Climate & Environm Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
[14] Helmholtz Zentrum Polar & Meeresforsch, Alfred Wegener Inst, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
[15] Univ Nottingham, Dept Hist, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England
[16] Lund Univ, Quaternary Sci, Dept Geol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden
[17] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England
[18] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会; 瑞典研究理事会;
关键词
CONTINUOUS-FLOW ANALYSIS; TREE-RING WIDTH; ICE CORES; MILLENNIUM ERUPTION; BRISTLECONE-PINE; COMMON ERA; AD; 774-775; GREENLAND; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY;
D O I
10.1038/nature14565
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Volcanic eruptions contribute to climate variability, but quantifying these contributions has been limited by inconsistencies in the timing of atmospheric volcanic aerosol loading determined from ice cores and subsequent cooling from climate proxies such as tree rings. Here we resolve these inconsistencies and show that large eruptions in the tropics and high latitudes were primary drivers of interannual-to-decadal temperature variability in the Northern Hemisphere during the past 2,500 years. Our results are based on new records of atmospheric aerosol loading developed from high-resolution, multi-parameter measurements from an array of Greenland and Antarctic ice cores as well as distinctive age markers to constrain chronologies. Overall, cooling was proportional to the magnitude of volcanic forcing and persisted for up to ten years after some of the largest eruptive episodes. Our revised timescale more firmly implicates volcanic eruptions as catalysts in the major sixth-century pandemics, famines, and socioeconomic disruptions in Eurasia and Mesoamerica while allowing multi-millennium quantification of climate response to volcanic forcing.
引用
收藏
页码:543 / +
页数:20
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