Major liver resection results in early exacerbation of insulin resistance, and may be a risk factor of developing overt diabetes in the future

This single center prospective cohort study evaluated the influence of hemihepatectomy on glucose homeostasis. The study included 30 patients undergoing hemihepatectomy. All patients underwent an oral 75 g glucose tolerance test before (baseline), 1 week and 1 month after the surgery. Plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon were measured in the OGTT samples, and the HOMA index was calculated. The fasting levels of interleukin 6 and 1 beta, tumor necrosis factor and adiponectin were assessed. The fasting plasma and 120-min post-challenge mean glucose level increased during the study from 89.6 to 103.5 mg/dl (by 15.5 %) and from 136.4 to 162.2 (by 18.9 %; p = 0.51), respectively, accompanied by an increase in fasting glucagon (from 3.2 to 5.9 ng/mL; p = 0.043) and insulin (from 14.6 to 19.3 IU/mL) and by a decrease in plasma insulin at 60 min of OGTT (p = 0.34). An increase of IL-6 (p = 0.015) and TNF (from 49.7 to 53 pg/mL), and decrease of plasma APO (7658 to 5152 ng/mL) and exacerbation of insulin resistance (p = 0.007) were noted. Hemihepatectomy resulted in moderate disturbances in glucose homeostasis, in a majority of patients that was likely to be of minor clinical relevance. However, the patients might be at higher risk of developing overt diabetes following long-term survival.