Parkinson's Disease: Evidence for Environmental Risk Factors

被引：142

作者：

Kieburtz, Karl ^{[1
]}

Wunderle, Kathryn B. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Expt Therapeut, Rochester, NY 14642 USA

来源：

MOVEMENT DISORDERS | 2013年 / 28卷 / 01期

关键词：

Parkinson's disease; environmental factors; gene-environmental interactions; NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; HEAD-INJURY; METAANALYSIS; SMOKING; COFFEE; MENOPAUSE; EXPOSURE; ESTROGEN; GENDER; WOMEN;

D O I：

10.1002/mds.25150

中图分类号：

R74 [神经病学与精神病学];

学科分类号：

摘要：

Parkinson's disease (PD) has no known cause. Although recent research has focused particularly on genetic causes of PD, environmental causes also play a role in developing the disease. This article reviews environmental factors that may increase the risk of PD, as well as the evidence behind those factors. Enough evidence exists to suggest that age has a causal relationship to PD. Significant evidence exists that gender, tobacco use, and caffeine consumption are also associated with the development of PD. Other environmental factors (pesticide exposure, occupation, blood urate levels, NSAID use, brain injury, and exercise) have limited or conflicting evidence of a relationship to PD. Future research must not neglect the impact of these environmental factors on the development of PD, especially with respect to potential gene-environment interactions. (C) 2012 Movement Disorder Society

引用

页码：8 / 13

页数：6

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