Tornado in Poland of August 15, 2008: Results of post-disaster investigation

Tornadoes are amongst the most costly natural hazards in Poland. On August 15, 2008, a tornado resulted in damage to 1624 buildings in the provinces of Opole, Katowice and Lodz. In the aftermath of this disaster, a damage survey was performed which is presented in this paper. While the tornado was passing, the peak gust wind velocities were estimated to be from 52 m/s (187 km/h) to 72 m/s (259 km/h) in the studied area. For low-rise brick buildings, which are common in Poland, some design details for the current building standards are suggested. They can lead to the improvement of building technology used in this type of buildings in order to mitigate the effects of extreme winds, which occur in tornadoes. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.