NbC grain growth control and mechanical properties of Ni bonded NbC cermets prepared by vacuum liquid phase sintering

The current study reports on the effect of the sintering temperature and secondary carbide (VC, Mo2C and TiC) and Mo additions on the NbC grain growth, microstructure evolution as well as concomitant Vickers hardness (HV30) and fracture toughness of Ni-bonded NbC cermets. All cermets were prepared by pressureless sintering in vacuum. Detailed microstructural investigation was performed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Sintering results indicated that the sintering temperature, especially secondary carbide additions had a significant effect on the properties of NbC-Ni cermets. Nickel pools and residual porosities were observed in the cermets sintered at temperatures <= 1340 degrees C. Increasing of the sintering temperature above 1380 degrees C resulted in fully densified NbC-Ni based cermets composed of homogeneous composition cubic NbC grains for the single carbide (VC or Mo/Mo2C) modified system, whereas core-rim structured NbC grains were observed with the addition of TiC + VC or TiC + Mo2C. The secondary carbide doped cermets with 5-10 vol% VC/Mo2C and 10 vol% TiC showed a clearly improved hardness and fracture toughness, as compared to the plain NbC-Ni cermets.