Sustainable production of common beans: inoculation, co-inoculation and mineral fertilization in early-cycle cultivars

Using sustainable management to maximize crop yield without increasing production costs is one of the great challenges of modern agriculture. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) supply management, associating inoculation withRhizobium tropici, co-inoculation schemes withAzospirillum brasilenseand mineral top-dressing fertilization, on the agronomic and qualitative performance of early-cycle common bean cultivars. The experiment was installed in a randomized block design, in a 2 x 12 factorial scheme (2 cultivars and 12 N supply management), with four repetitions. The N supply management consisted of the association of mineral fertilization with N (45 and 90 kg ha(-1)of N in top-dressing), inoculation of seeds withRhizobium tropiciand co-inoculation of seeds and leaves withAzospirillum brasilense. The agronomic and qualitative performance of common bean was affected by the nitrogen supply management and by the cultivars, and the response was independent of the interaction between cultivars and N supply management. Except for plant dry mass, all variables analyzed showed maximum response in the treatment of seed inoculation withRhizobium tropici, leaf-spray ofAzospirillum brasilenseand mineral top-dressing fertilization with 90 kg ha(-1)of N, which led to a 27% increase in yield compared to the control. The cultivar IAC Imperador has a superior agronomic performance (grain yield = 2,840 kg ha(-1)) compared to IPR Curio (2,484 kg ha(-1)). The results demonstrated the feasibility of using co-inoculation withAzospirillum brasilenseas a tool to increase yield, grain quality and sustainability in common bean production systems.