Occupational Mobility and Living in Deprived Neighbourhoods: Housing Tenure Differences in 'Neighbourhood Effects'

被引:16
作者
van Ham, Maarten [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Manley, David [4 ]
机构
[1] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Architecture & Built Environm, OTB Res Built Environm, POB 5030, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
[2] Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland
[3] IZA, Bonn, Germany
[4] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England
基金
欧洲研究理事会;
关键词
Neighbourhood effects; Occupational mobility; Deprivation; Selective mobility; Longitudinal data; RESIDENTIAL PREFERENCES; SEGREGATION; MODELS; CHOICE;
D O I
10.1007/s12061-014-9126-y
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The literature on neighbourhood effects suggests that the lack of social mobility of some groups has a spatial dimension. It is thought that those living in the most deprived neighbourhoods are the least likely to achieve upward mobility because of a range of negative neighbourhood effects. Most studies investigating such effects only identify correlations between individual outcomes and their residential environment and do not take into account that selection into neighbourhoods is a non-random mechanism. This paper investigates occupational mobility between 1991 and 2001 for those who were employed in Scotland in 1991 by using unique longitudinal data from Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS). We add to the existing literature by investigating neighbourhood effects on occupational mobility separately for social renters, private renters and home owners. We find that 'neighbourhood effects' are strongest for home owners, which is an unexpected finding. We argue that the correlation between characteristics of the residential environment and occupational mobility can at least partially be explained by selection effects: homeowners with the least resources, who are least likely to experience upward mobility, are also most likely to sort into the most deprived neighbourhoods. Social housing tenants experience less selective sorting across neighbourhoods as other than market forces are responsible for the neighbourhood sorting mechanism.
引用
收藏
页码:309 / 324
页数:16
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