Expanding language choices to reduce stigma A Delphi study of positive and negative terms in substance use and recovery

Purpose Public perception has been found to be influenced by the words used to describe those with behavioral health disorders, such that using terms like "substance abuser" can lead to higher levels of stigma. The purpose of this paper is to identify additional stigmatizing and empowering terms that are commonly used by different stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach Using digital Delphi groups, the paper identifies positive and negative terms related to substance use disorder (SUD) from three distinct stakeholder groups: individuals in recovery, impacted family members and loved ones, and professionals in the treatment field. Findings Participants identified 60 different terms that are considered stigmatizing or positive. Previously identified stigmatizing terms (abuser, addict) were present for all stakeholder groups, as was the positive term person with a SUD. Additional stigmatizing terms for all groups included junkie and alcoholic. Additional positive terms for all groups included long-term recovery.