Distributed Learning-Based Resource Allocation for Self-Organizing C-V2X Communication in Cellular Networks

In this paper, we investigate a resource allocation problem for a Cellular Vehicle to Everything (C-V2X) network to improve energy efficiency of the system. To address this problem, self-organizing mechanisms are proposed for joint and disjoint subcarrier and power allocation procedures which are performed in a fully distributed manner. A multi-agent Q-learning algorithm is proposed for the joint power and subcarrier allocation. In addition, for the sake of simplicity, it is decoupled into two sub-problems: a subcarrier allocation sub-problem and a power allocation sub-problem. First, to allocate the subcarrier among users, a distributed Q-learning method is proposed. Then, given the optimal subcarriers, a dynamic power allocation mechanism is proposed where the problem is modeled as a non-cooperative game. To solve the problem, a no-regret learning algorithm is utilized. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approaches, other learning mechanisms are used which are presented in Fig. 8. Simulation results show the multi-agent joint Q-learning algorithm yields significant performance gains of up to about 11% and 18% in terms of energy efficiency compared to proposed disjoint mechanism and the third disjoint Q-learning mechanism for allocating the power and subcarrier to each user; however, the multi-agent joint Q-learning algorithm uses more memory than disjoint methods.