Guilty by mere association: Evaluative conditioning and the spreading attitude effect

被引：198
作者：
Walther, E [1 ]
机构：
[1] Univ Heidelberg, Dept Psychol, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
来源：
JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY | 2002年 / 82卷 / 06期
关键词：
D O I：
10.1037//0022-3514.82.6.919
中图分类号：
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号：
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要：
Five experiments investigated the phenomenon that attitude formation is not confined to the co-occurrence of an attitudinal object with an evaluated experience. The pairing of a target with a (dis)liked person not only affects the evaluation of the previously neutral person but spreads to other individuals who are (pre)associated with the target (spreading attitude effect). Experiments I and 2 provided evidence for the spreading attitude effect in appetitive as well as aversive evaluative conditioning. Experiment 3 showed that the spreading attitude effect is a robust phenomenon resistant to extinction. Experiment 4 demonstrated that attitude spread can be transferred to 2nd-order conditioning. Finally. Experiment 5 supports the notion that the spreading attitude effect is not dependent on cognitive resources. Implications for social as well as applied psychology are discussed.
引用
收藏
页码：919 / 934
页数：16
相关论文
共 91 条
[71]   Summation: Assessment of a configural theory [J].
Rescorla, RA .
ANIMAL LEARNING & BEHAVIOR, 1997, 25 (02) :200-209
[72]   ASSOCIATIONS IN SECOND-ORDER CONDITIONING AND SENSORY PRECONDITIONING [J].
RIZLEY, RC ;
RESCORLA, RA .
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1972, 81 (01) :1-&
[73]   THE ROLE OF SIGNALED PERIODS OF NONREINFORCEMENT IN RESPONDING ON A RANDOM SCHEDULE IN AUTOSHAPING [J].
ROBBINS, SJ ;
RESCORLA, RA .
ANIMAL LEARNING & BEHAVIOR, 1989, 17 (03) :304-310
[74]   OPERATION OF THE LAWS OF SYMPATHETIC MAGIC IN DISGUST AND OTHER DOMAINS [J].
ROZIN, P ;
MILLMAN, L ;
NEMEROFF, C .
JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1986, 50 (04) :703-712
[75]   The elusiveness of evaluative conditioning [J].
Rozin, P ;
Wrzesniewski, A ;
Byrnes, D .
LEARNING AND MOTIVATION, 1998, 29 (04) :397-415
[76]   SENSITIVITY TO INDIRECT CONTACTS WITH OTHER PERSONS - AIDS AVERSION AS A COMPOSITE OF AVERSION TO STRANGERS, INFECTION, MORAL TAINT, AND MISFORTUNE [J].
ROZIN, P ;
MARKWITH, M ;
MCCAULEY, C .
JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1994, 103 (03) :495-504
[77]  
ROZIN P, 1985, ANN NY ACAD, V50, P703
[78]   CHARACTERISTICS OF DISSOCIABLE HUMAN LEARNING-SYSTEMS [J].
SHANKS, DR ;
STJOHN, MF .
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES, 1994, 17 (03) :367-395
[79]   On the encoding of stereotype-relevant information under cognitive load [J].
Sherman, JW ;
Frost, LA .
PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN, 2000, 26 (01) :26-34
[80]   Spontaneous trait transference: Communicators take on the qualities they describe in others [J].
Skowronski, JJ ;
Carlston, DE ;
Mae, L ;
Crawford, MT .
JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1998, 74 (04) :837-848
12345678910