Individual differences in disgust sensitivity: Comparisons and evaluations of paper-and-pencil versus behavioral measures

被引:223
作者
Rozin, P
Haidt, J
McCauley, C
Dunlop, L
Ashmore, M
机构
[1] Univ Penn, Dept Psychol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
[2] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA
[3] Bryn Mawr Coll, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA
关键词
disgust; emotion; individual differences; personality scales; behavior; validation;
D O I
10.1006/jrpe.1999.2251
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
Sixty-eight undergraduate students experienced 32 hands-on tasks designed to provide a behavioral validation for the paper-and-pencil Disgust Scale, which the students had completed 2 months before. Tasks assessed participant-determined degree of exposure (looking at, picking up, touching, and in some cases eating) to objects such as a cockroach, cremated ashes, and a freshly killed pig's head and to disgusting video clips (seconds watching). These tasks elicited strong negative affect in a way that was ethical and not very disturbing to participants; they may be useful for future laboratory study of emotion. Participants also experienced nondisgusting control tasks, such as imitating a chicken or holding one's hand in ice-water. Analysis of task intercorrelations indicated four factors: food-related disgust, body-violation-and-death-related disgust, compliance motivation, and embarrassability. Only the mio disgust factors correlated significantly with the paper-and-pencil Disgust Scale; a combination of the two correlated.58 with Disgust Scale scores obtained months before the laboratory assessment and correlated.71 with scores obtained immediately after this assessment. Most generally, these results are a reminder that there is no gold standard for personality assessment. As with paper-and-pencil measures, behavioral measures require getting beyond face validity to assess threats to validity from factors such as embarrassment and compliance motivation. (C) 1999 Academic Press.
引用
收藏
页码:330 / 351
页数:22
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