The benefits to communities and individuals of screening for active tuberculosis disease: a systematic review

被引:187
作者
Kranzer, K. [1 ]
Afnan-Holmes, H. [1 ]
Tomlin, K. [1 ]
Golub, J. E. [2 ]
Shapiro, A. [2 ]
Schaap, A. [3 ]
Corbett, E. L. [3 ]
Loennroth, K. [4 ]
Glynn, J. R. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London WC1E 7HT, England
[2] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA
[3] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Clin Res, London WC1E 7HT, England
[4] WHO, Stop TB Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
基金
英国惠康基金;
关键词
screening; impact evaluation; mortality; transmission; POSITIVE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; SPUTUM SMEAR MICROSCOPY; HIGH HIV PREVALENCE; INFECTIOUS TUBERCULOSIS; CONTACT INVESTIGATIONS; SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA; INITIAL DEFAULT; PROGRAM; DISTRICT; EXPERIENCE;
D O I
10.5588/ijtld.12.0743
中图分类号
R51 [传染病];
学科分类号
100401 ;
摘要
BACKGROUND: Screening for tuberculosis (TB) disease aims to improve early TB case detection. The ultimate goal is to improve outcomes for people with TB and to reduce Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in the community through improved case detection, reduction in diagnostic delays and early treatment. Before screening programmes are recommended, evidence is needed of individual and/or community-level benefits. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of the literature to assess the evidence that screening for TB disease 1) initially increases the number of TB cases initiated on anti-tuberculosis treatment, 2) identifies cases earlier in the course of disease, 3) reduces mortality and morbidity, and 4) impacts on TB epidemiology. RESULTS: A total of 28 798 publications were identified by the search strategy: 27 087 were excluded on initial screening and 1749 on full text review, leaving 62 publications that addressed at least one of the study questions. Screening increases the number of cases found in the short term. In many settings, more than half of the prevalent TB cases in the community remain undiagnosed. Screening tends to find cases earlier and with less severe disease, but this may be attributed to case-finding studies using more sensitive diagnostic methods than routine programmes. Treatment outcomes among people identified through screening arc similar to outcomes among those identified through passive case finding. Current studies provide insufficient evidence to show that active screening for TB disease impacts on TB epidemiology. CONCLUSION: Individual and community-level benefits from active screening for TB disease remain uncertain. So far, the benefits of earlier diagnosis on patient outcomes and transmission have not been established.
引用
收藏
页码:432 / 446
页数:15
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