System Frequency Regulation in Singapore Using Distributed Energy Storage Systems

In this paper, distributed energy storage systems (DESSs) for power system frequency regulation are investigated. Due to the fact that above 95% of the electricity in Singapore is generated by combined cycle gas turbines (CCGTs), the system frequency model of Singapore based on CCGT is developed. The DESSs are utilized for system frequency regulation hierarchically. At the decentralized control level, the droop-based frequency regulation is achieved autonomously by each DESS. In the meanwhile, the virtual inertia control has been added to each DESS to further improve the frequency response. The automatic generation control i.e. secondary frequency regulation which aims to recover the frequency back to the nominal value is achieved in a distributed way through communication networks. The entire frequency regulation structure improves the frequency response of the power system caused by load and generation variations under different operation conditions. The proposed method is evaluated in the established Singapore power system model and the simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.