Open-ocean fish reveal an omnidirectional solution to camouflage in polarized environments

被引:55
作者
Brady, Parrish C. [1 ]
Gilerson, Alexander A. [2 ]
Kattawar, George W. [3 ,4 ]
Sullivan, James M. [5 ]
Twardowski, Michael S. [5 ]
Dierssen, Heidi M. [6 ]
Gao, Meng [3 ,4 ]
Travis, Kort [1 ]
Etheredge, Robert Ian [1 ]
Tonizzo, Alberto [2 ]
Ibrahim, Amir [2 ]
Carrizo, Carlos [2 ]
Gu, Yalong [2 ]
Russell, Brandon J. [6 ]
Mislinski, Kathryn [1 ]
Zhao, Shulei [1 ]
Cummings, Molly E. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA
[2] CUNY City Coll, Opt Remote Sensing Lab, New York, NY 10031 USA
[3] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
[4] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Quantum Sci & Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
[5] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA
[6] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
LIGHT-FIELD; INVISIBILITY; REFLECTANCE; WATERS; MIRROR; CLEAR;
D O I
10.1126/science.aad5284
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Despite appearing featureless to our eyes, the open ocean is a highly variable environment for polarization-sensitive viewers. Dynamic visual backgrounds coupled with predator encounters from all possible directions make this habitat one of the most challenging for camouflage. We tested open-ocean crypsis in nature by collecting more than 1500 videopolarimetry measurements from live fish from distinct habitats under a variety of viewing conditions. Open-ocean fish species exhibited camouflage that was superior to that of both nearshore fish and mirrorlike surfaces, with significantly higher crypsis at angles associated with predator detection and pursuit. Histological measurements revealed that specific arrangements of reflective guanine platelets in the fish's skin produce angle-dependent polarization modifications for polarocrypsis in the open ocean, suggesting a mechanism for natural selection to shape reflectance properties in this complex environment.
引用
收藏
页码:965 / 969
页数:5
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