Cramer-Rao bound analysis of target characterization accuracy limits for imaging systems

A methodology for analyzing an imaging sensor's ability to assess target properties is developed. By applying Cramer-Rao covariance analysis to a statistical model relating the sensor measurements to the target, a bound on the accuracy with which target properties can be estimated can be calculated. Such calculations are important in understanding how a sensor's design effects its performance for a given assessment task, and in performing feasibility studies or trade studies between sensor designs and sensing modalities. A novel numerical model relating a sensor's measurements to a target's three-dimensional geometry is developed in order to overcome difficulties in accurately performing the required numerical computations. An example use of the approach is presented in which the influence of viewing perspective on orientation accuracy limits is analyzed. The example is also used to examine the potential for improving the accuracy bound by fusing multi-perspective data.